Supplementary Material

SP 1. DNA concentration, raw reads, filtered reads, OTU and PC success rate.

SP 2. Heatmap the percentage of eDNA read-based fish families detected among all eight river sampling sites in Java (A = Cisadane River, B = Kalimalang River, C = Citarum River, D = Ciliwung River, E = Cimanuk River, F = Cipunagara River, G = Kalibabadan River, H = Sragi River). The top-down color change in right side vertical axis indicates the percentage of dominant fish families.

SP 3. The percentage of eDNA read-based fish genera detected among all eight river sampling sites in Java (A = Cisadane River, B = Kalimalang River, C = Citarum River, D = Ciliwung River, E = Cimanuk River, F = Cipunagara River, G = Kalibabadan River, H = Sragi River).

SP 4. Barplot showing the relative abundance of eDNA reads each of 28 genus among all sampling sites. (A = Cisadane River, B = Kalimalang River, C = Citarum River, D = Ciliwung River, E = Cimanuk River, F = Cipunagara River, G = Kalibabadan River, H = Sragi River).

SP 4. Characteristics of local ecological knowledge respondents based on occupation (a), education level (b), fishing experience (c), and fishing gears used in the riverine systems (d).

© K. Kurniawan et al., Published by EDP Sciences 2025