Fig. 2

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Comprehensive analysis of factors influencing DNA extraction and PCR results. Panels (a), (b) and (c) illustrate the impact of (a) sample freshness, (b) the presence of uric acid on the entire fecal surface, and (c) the dominant sampling substrate on DNA concentration, measured immediately after fecal sample extraction. The samples were categorized based on their “swollen” and “shiny appearance for fresh samples and “contracted” and “dull” for dry samples. Panel (d) depicts the relationship between DNA purity, assessed through absorbance ratios at 260 nm and 280 nm (upper panel), and 260 nm and 230 nm (lower panel), and the presence of uric acid on the fecal sample surface. Panel (e) shows the effect of DNA purity, assessed through absorbance ratios at 260 nm and 280 nm (upper panel), and 260 nm and 230 nm (lower panel) on MiBird-U PCR result. PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The numbers in brackets indicate the sample count. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
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