Three crayfish species of different origin in a medium-sized river system: a new state of affairs | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Table 2

Temperature requirements (°C) and basic reproductive characteristics of three crayfish species inhabiting the Drwęca River system.

Parameters	Astacus astacus	Pacifastacus leniusculus	Faxonius limosus	References
Temperature preference	16.0–21.0			Kozák et al., 2015
Optimum growth temperature	19.0–20.0	19.0–23.0	24.0–25.0	Firkins and Holdich, 1993; Kouba et al., 2010; Simčič et al., 2014
Upper temperature tolerance limit¹	23.0–25.0	25.0–28.0	30.0	Kivivuori, 1994; Simčič et al., 2014; Kozák et al., 2015
Upper lethal temperature²	30.0–33.0	32.0–35.0		Becker et al., 1975; Kozák et al., 2015
Age of sexual maturity	3–5	2–3	1–2	Kozák et al., 2015
Average ovarian fecundity (eggs per female)	149–242	361–371	447	Stypińska, 1978; Chybowski, 2013
Average pleopodal fecundity (eggs per female)	80–200	200–400	200–300	Skurdal et al., 2011; Kozák et al., 2015

¹ − threshold above which the species reveals avoidance or physiological disturbance.

² − temperatures determined by different methods.

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