Open Access
Table 1
Studies addressing zoochorus dispersal of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis and Asian clam Corbicula fluminea. The bivalve species examined, method of investigation used, and a summary of findings are identified.
| Reference | Species | Method | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endozoochory | |||
| Thompson and Sparks (1977) | Corbicula fluminea | Faecal sample collection | Live C. fluminea feed to lesser scaup ducks (Aythya affinis) did not survive gut passage. |
| Johnson and Carlton (1996) | Dreissena polymorpha | Faecal sample collection | Faecal samples recovered from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), which consumed juvenile mussels or concentrated suspensions of veligers, did not contain any viable specimens. |
| Gatlin et al. (2013) | Corbicula fluminea Dreissena polymorpha |
Faecal sample collection | Twelve percent of D. polymorpha and 39 % of C. fluminea consumed in cool water (<21.1 °C) survived gut passage through migratory blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus). |
| Mack and Andraso (2015) | Dreissena bugensis Dreissena polymorpha |
Faecal sample collection | No dreissenids survived passage through the gut of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). |
| Ectozoochory | |||
| Johnson and Carlton (1996) | Dreissena polymorpha | Experimental attachment | Veligers and juvenile D. polymorpha transported (2.5 m) between ponds by walking mallard ducks, <0.5 mussel per trip. |
| Banha et al. (2016) | Dreissena polymorpha | Experimental attachment | Larvae of D. polymorpha can adhere and remain attached to a mallard duck carcass during simulated swims (≤0.5 m s−1) and flights (75 km h−1). |
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