Fishing groundbaits as an under-recognised source of nutrients and heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems management strategies

Open Access

Table 2

Mean (± SD) concentrations of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) in the analysed groundbaits (ppm). Mean values (± SD) for groundbait types (carp, bream, and roach) are shown in bold. Values within columns followed by different lowercase superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Differences among groundbait types within columns are indicated by different uppercase letters (A, B) at p < 0.05.

Groundbait	Hg [ppm]	Cd [ppm]	Pb [ppm]	As [ppm]
Bm1	0.007 ± 0.000^j	0.019 ± 0.000ⁱ	0.075 ± 0.002^j	0.045 ± 0.001^g
Bm2	0.015 ± 0.000^g	0.026 ± 0.001^g	1.176 ± 0.024^a	0.501 ± 0.010^c
Bm3	0.030 ± 0.001^d	0.020 ± 0.000ⁱ	0.171 ± 0.003^f	0.117 ± 0.002^e
Bm4	0.012 ± 0.000^h	0.021 ± 0.000ⁱ	0.156 ± 0.003^g	0.028 ± 0.001^h
Mean (ppm; ± SD)	0.016 ± 0.010	0.022 ± 0.003^B	0.395 ± 0.523	0.173 ± 0.222^B
Cp1	0.009 ± 0.000ⁱ	0.049 ± 0.001^e	0.229 ± 0.005^d	4.303 ± 0.086^a
Cp2	0.044 ± 0.001^c	0.257 ± 0.005^a	0.232 ± 0.005^d	1.915 ± 0.038^b
Cp3	0.062 ± 0.001^a	0.061 ± 0.001^d	0.197 ± 0.004^e	1.864 ± 0.037^b
Cp4	0.050 ± 0.001^b	0.126 ± 0.003^b	0.109 ± 0.002^h	1.965 ± 0.039^b
Mean (ppm; ± SD)	0.041 ± 0.023	0.123 ± 0.095^A	0.192 ± 0.057	2.512 ± 1.195^A
Rch1	0.009 ± 0.000ⁱ	0.087 ± 0.002^c	0.186 ± 0.004^e	0.227 ± 0.005^d
Rch2	0.049 ± 0.001^b	0.027 ± 0.001^g	0.081 ± 0.002ⁱ	0.013 ± 0.000ⁱ
Rch3	0.024 ± 0.000^e	0.025 ± 0.001^gh	1.068 ± 0.021^b	0.477± 0.010^c
Rch4	0.022 ± 0.000^f	0.037 ± 0.001^f	0.214 ± 0.004^d	0.092 ± 0.002^f
Mean (ppm; ± SD)	0.026 ± 0.017	0.044 ± 0.029^B	0.387 ± 0.457	0.202 ± 0.203^B

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