Fishing groundbaits as an under-recognised source of nutrients and heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems management strategies

Open Access

Table 1

Mean (± SD) contents (%): carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and total protein in the analysed groundbaits. Values within columns followed by different lowercase superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Differences among groundbait types within columns are indicated by different uppercase letters (A, B) at p < 0.05.

Groundbait	C (%; ± SD)	N (%; ± SD)	P (%; ± SD)	Protein (%; ± SD)
Bm1	46.11 ± 1.19^a	2.10 ± 0.16^dc	0.37 ± 0.17^cd	12.14 ± 0.49^c
Bm2	40.56 ± 1.49^bc	2.41 ± 0.38^bc	0.48 ± 0.16^b	14.67 ± 2.34^b
Bm3	39.35 ± 4.23^c	1.37 ± 0.24^e	0.28 ± 0.07^fe	7.80 ± 1.40^c
Bm4	45.23 ± 0.23^ab	1.94 ± 0.15^de	0.25 ± 0.12^f	11.29 ± 0.67^c
Mean (%; ± SD)	42.81 ± 3.36	1.96 ± 0.44^B	0.35 ± 0.10^B	11.48 ± 2.84^B
Cp1	45.39 ± 0.85^ab	2.91 ± 0.14^b	0.38 ± 0.12^c	17.47 ± 1.00^b
Cp2	43.37 ± 1.68^abc	6.18 ± 0.24^a	0.97 ± 0.39^a	36.74 ± 1.59^a
Cp3	46.20 ± 0.23^a	6.58 ± 0.40^a	0.96 ± 0.33^a	38.39 ± 2.65^a
Cp4	47.15 ± 0.28^a	6.82 ± 0.49^a	0.89 ± 0.29^a	40.47 ± 3.06^a
Mean (%; ± SD)	45.53 ± 1.61	5.62 ± 0.44^A	0.8 ± 0.28^A	33.27 ± 10.64^A
Rch1	45.53 ± 0.44^ab	2.36 ± 0.29^bcd	0.34 ± 0.17^de	14.12 ± 1.79^bc
Rch2	45.26 ± 1.38^ab	2.77 ± 0.37^bc	0.38 ± 0.14^cd	15.75 ± 1.63^b
Rch3	40.78 ± 1.55^bc	2.14 ± 0.24^bcd	0.41 ± 0.14^c	12.56 ± 1.43^bc
Rch4	42.25 ± 2.43^abc	2.2 ± 0.14^cd	0.30 ± 0.13^de	12.77 ± 0.39^bc
Mean (%; ± SD)	43.46 ± 2.32	2.37 ± 1.83^B	0.36 ± 0.05^B	13.80 ± 1.47^B

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