Local indicators of spatial autocorrelation for the standardised variables representing a. population infection prevalence, b. mean parasite load and c. maximum renal hyperplasia. Spatial weights were defined with an adaptive Gaussian kernel (see Methods). For each variable, LISA statistics were computed using 9,999 complete permutations. Colours designate cluster type while symbols encode permutation significance levels. Cluster assignment used a 0.05 cutoff for significance.