Distribution of the invasive polychaete Hypania invalida (Grube, 1860) against the background of the benthic fauna in the upper Oder River catchment (Poland) | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

Anthropogenic impact on freshwater habitats, communities and ecosystem functioning

Open Access

Table 2

Characteristics of the sampling sites in the studied area.

Variables	Oder river	Gliwice and Kłodnica canals	Kłodnica river	Kłodnica tributaries
Water
Temperature (°C)	13.1–18.3	12.8–25.4	11.4–22.7	13.0–22.4
Oxygen (mg L⁻¹)	5.3–10.2	4.3–16.8	4.0–9.4	3.2–10.1
Oxygenation (%)	57.8–103.3	53.2–198.8	43–112.1	35.7–98.5
pH	7.4–7.8	7.4–8.3	7.4–7.9	6.9–8.0
Alkalinity (mg CaCO₃ L⁻¹)	120–160	105–235	150–310	15–335
Salinity (‰)	1.1–1.5	1.3–3.7	0.1–5.8	0.2–12.1
Conductivity (μS cm⁻¹)	2250–3000	2530–6780	420–10 340	520–20 300
TDS (mg L⁻¹)	1125–1502	1268–2720	210–5170	260–10 150
Chlorides (mg L⁻¹)	468–750	530–3220	125–2960	18–6400
Sulfates (mg L⁻¹)	97–210	236–436	104–512	41–1020
Potassium (mg L⁻¹)	7.4–15.6	10.4–36	5–32	2–62
Total hardness (mg CaCO₃ L–¹)	240–325	315–540	320–940	195–1390
Nitrite (mg L⁻¹)	0–0.32	0.05–0.92	0.09–2.43	0.01–1.03
Nitrate (mg L⁻¹)	2.7–13.3	0.1–10.6	0–20.4	1.3–16.4
Ammonium (mg L⁻¹)	0.25–0.73	0.24–1.2	0.19–6.74	0.01–1.58
Phosphates (mg L⁻¹)	0.35–0.65	0.02–0.96	0.29–1.5	0.14–1.08
Iron (mg L⁻¹)	0.34–0.78	0.16–0.97	0.22–1.46	0.25–1.5
Sediments
Stone (%)	20–70	10–85	0–80	0–90
Gravel (%)	3–23.3	2.1–68.4	0–39.6	0–25
Sand (%)	20.3–56.1	1.9–20.8	7.2–86.3	4.7–68
Silt and clay (%)	0.3–36.1	0.8–11	0–82.8	0.1–72
Organic matter (%)	1–10	1.7–7.0	0.4–39.2	0.3–17.0
Width (m)	50–79	4–41	2–22	1–7
Depth (m)	0.5–2.5	0.5–1.5	0.2–0.7	0.1–0.8
Velocity (m s⁻¹)	0.15–1.10	0.07–0.18	0.07–1.02	0.03–0.71

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