Table 1
The freshwater fish species composition in the Kowie River catchment. Fish surveys for the current study were conducted between February 2017 and March 2018.
| Family | Species | Status | Locality | Literature | SAIAB | Current study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anabantidae | Sandelia bainsii1-7 | Native | River | X | X | |
| Anguillidae | Anguilla mossambica8,9 | Native | Dam/River | X | X | X |
| Anguilla marmorata8,9 | Native | River | X | |||
| Anguilla bicolorbicolor9 | Native | River | X | |||
| Centrarchidae | Lepomis macrochirus# | Non-native | Dam | X | X | |
| Micropterus dolomieu9,10 | Non-native | River | X | X | ||
| Micropterus punctulatus9 | Non-native | River | X | X | X | |
| Micropterus salmoides9-18 | Non-native | Dam/River | X | X | X | |
| Cichlidae | Oreochromis mossambicus9,19 | Extralimital | Dam/River | X | X | X |
| Tilapia sparrmanii# | Non-native | River | X | X | ||
| Coptodon rendalli* | Non-native | Dam | X | |||
| Clariidae | Clarias gariepinus20 | Non-native | Dam/River | X | X | X |
| Clupeidae | Gilchristella estuaria9,10 | Native | River | X | X | X |
| Cyprinidae | Carassius auratus# | Non-native | Dam | X | X | |
| Cyprinus carpio # | Non-native | Dam | X | X | ||
| Enteromius anoplus21 | Native | Dam/River | X | X | X | |
| Enteromius pallidus22 | Native | River | X | X | ||
| Labeo umbratus # | Native | Dam | X | |||
| Gobiidae | Glossogobius callidus9,10,23,24 | Native | Dam/River | X | X | X |
| Monodactylidae | Monodactylus argenteus* | Native | River | X | ||
| Monodactylus falciformis9,14,23 | Native | River | X | X | ||
| Mugilidae | Mugil cephalus9,10,14,25 | Native | Dam/River | X | ||
| Myxus capensis9,10,14,23,25,26 | Native | Dam/River | X | X | X | |
| Poeciliidae | Gambusia affinis9 | Non-native | River | X |
1 Skeltonw Barbus minnow (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from the eastern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology 25, 188–193 (1990).
2 Skelton, P. H. South African Red Data Book - Fishes. South African National Scientific Programmes 199 (1987).
3 Cambray, J. A. Community involvement and the Eastern Cape Rocky, (Sandelia bainsii, Pisces, Anabantidae) from the perspective of a researcher. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 30, 114–117 (2000). Table 1
4 Cambray, J. A. Captive breeding and sanctuaries for the endangered African anabantid Sandelia bainsii, the Eastern Cape rocky.Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 1, 159–168 (1997).
5 Cambray, J. A. The spawning behaviour of the endangered Eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii (Anabantidae), in South Africa. EnvironBiol Fishes 49, 293–306 (1997).
6 Sifundza, D. S., Chakona, A. & Kadye, W. T. Distribution patterns and habitat associations of Sandelia bainsii (Teleostei: Anabantidae), ahighly threatened narrow-range endemic freshwater fish. J Fish Biol 98, 292–303 (2021).
7 Mayekiso, M. & Hecht, T. Conservation status of the anabantid fish Sandelia bainsii in the Tyume River, South Africa. South AfricanJournal of Wildlife Research 18, 101–108 (1988).
8 Parker, D., Weyl, O. L. F. & Taraschewski, H. Invasion of a South African Anguilla mossambica (Anguillidae) population by the aliengill worm Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Monogenea). Afr Zool 46, 371–377 (2011).
9 Wasserman, R. J. & Strydom, N. A. The importance of estuary head waters as nursery areas for young estuary- and marine-spawnedfishes in temperate South Africa. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 94, 56–67 (2011).
10 Wasserman, R. J. J., Strydom, N. a. A. & Weyl, O. L. F. L. F. Diet of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Centrarchidae), aninvasive alien in the lower reaches of an Eastern Cape river, South Africa. Afr Zool 46, 378–386 (2011).
11 Weyl, O., Schirrmann, M., Hargrove, J., Bodill, T. & Swartz, E. Invasion status of Florida bass Micropterus floridanus (Lesueur, 1822) inSouth Africa. Afr J Aquat Sci 42, 359–365 (2017).
12 Hargrove, J. S., Weyl, O. L. F. & Austin, J. D. Reconstructing the introduction history of an invasive fish predator in South Africa. BiolInvasions 19, 2261–2276 (2017).
13 Hargrove, J. S., Weyl, O. L. F., Zhao, H., Peatman, E. & Austin, J. D. Using species-diagnostic SNPs to detail the distribution anddynamics of hybridized black bass populations in southern Africa. Biol Invasions 21, 1499–1509 (2019).
14 Weyl, O. L. F. & Lewis, H. First record of predation by the alien invasive freshwater fish Micropterus salmoides L. (Centrarchidae) onmigrating estuarine fishes in South Africa. Afr Zool 41, 294–296 (2006).
15 Murray, T. S. et al. Movement behaviour of alien largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in the estuarine headwater region of the KowieRiver, South Africa. Afr Zool 50, 263–271 (2015).
16 Magoro, M. L., Whitfield, A. K. & Carassou, L. Predation by introduced largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides on indigenous marinefish in the lower Kowie River, South Africa. Afr J Aquat Sci 40, 81–88 (2015).
17 Alexander, M. E., Kaiser, H., Weyl, O. L. F. & Dick, J. T. A. Habitat simplification increases the impact of a freshwater invasive fish.Environ Biol Fishes 98, 477–486 (2015).
18 Alexander, M. E. et al. Existing and emerging high impact invasive species are characterized by higher functional responses than natives.Biol Lett 10, 20130946 (2014).
19 Landsberg, J. & Paperna, I. Intestinal infections by Eimeria (s. l.) vanasi n. sp. (Eimeriidae, Apicomplexa, Protozoa) in Cichlid fish.Public Health 62, 283–293 (1987).
20 Cambray, J. A. The need for research and monitoring on the impacts of translocated sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in south africa.Afr J Aquat Sci 28, 191–195 (2003).
21 Engelbrecht, J. Phylogenetic relationships between morphologically similar Barbus species, with reference to their taxonomy, distributionand conservation.
22 Skelton, P. H. Preliminary Observations on the Relationships of Barbus Species From Cape Coastal Rivers, South Africa (Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae). Zoologica Africana 11, 399–411 (1976).
23 Magoro, M., Whitfield, A. & Carassou, L. Predation by introduced largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides on indigenous marine fish inthe lower Kowie River, South Africa. Afr J Aquat Sci 40, 81–88 (2015).
24. Maake, P. A., Mwale, M., Dippenaar, S. M. & Gon, O. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals a complete lineage sorting ofGlossogobius callidus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) in southern Africa. Afr J Aquat Sci 38, 15–29 (2013).
25. Bok, A. The distribution and ecology of two mullet species in some freshwater rivers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal oflimnological society of southern Africa 5, 97–102 (1979).
26. Carassou, L., Whitfield, A. K., Moyo, S. & Richoux, N. B. Dietary tracers and stomach contents reveal pronounced alimentary flexibilityin the freshwater mullet (Myxus capensis, Mugilidae) concomitant with ontogenetic shifts in habitat use and seasonal food availability.Hydrobiologia 799, 327–348 (2017).
# South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity.
* Current study.
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