Table 1
Water quality characterization (mean and standard deviation) of sampling sites in the Langueyú stream. The redundancy test shows the non-redundant variables (pass). Non-redundant variables are highlighted. The numbers in redundant variables represent the selected informative variables accounting for their information. The statistics of the Kruskal-Wallis test were included. WQI = water quality index.
| N° | Variable | Code | Urban | Cropland | Livestock | Natural grassland | Redundancy Test | Kruskal-Wallis Test H (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| 1 | Temperature (ºC) | T | 23.28 (3.16) | 21.86 (3.91) | 23.14 (3.2) | 23.45 (2.81) | Pass | 3.09 (0.377) |
| 2 | pH | pH | 8.31 (0.3) | 8.89 (0.59) | 8.71 (0.46) | 9.15 (0.46) | Pass | 12.26 (0.007) |
| 3 | Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | DO | 1.44 (1.8) | 9.33 (4.3) | 11 (3.25) | 13.02 (5.13) | Pass | 21.4 (<0.001) |
| 4 | Dissolved oxygen saturation (%) | DO% | 16.58 (18.65) | 110.84 (51.4) | 134.3 (40.13) | 158.37 (66.19) | 3 | |
| 5 | Water conductivity (µS/cm) | K | 1167 (108.98) | 1077.56 (93.81) | 1049.67 (98.45) | 912.44 (177.67) | Pass | 12.29 (0.006) |
| 6 | Salinity (ppt) | S | 539.22 (31.92) | 498.56 (22.78) | 485.89 (23.3) | 415.89 (70.5) | 5 | |
| 7 | Total dissolved solids (ppm) | TDS | 826 (79.06) | 764.67 (67.29) | 744.33 (69.99) | 641 (121.63) | 5 | |
| 8 | Total suspended solids (mg/L) | TSS | 74.79 (30.83) | 11.92 (10.75) | 9.54 (10.81) | 44.81 (36.99) | Pass | 24.41 (<0.001) |
| 9 | Nitrate (mgN-NO3/L) | NO3 | 1.56 (0.91) | 2.16 (0.73) | 2.73 (1.53) | 3.83 (1.39) | 11 | |
| 10 | Ammonium (mgN-NH4/L) | NH4 | 15.45 (4.17) | 12.43 (4.61) | 8.87 (3.71) | 0.48 (0.59) | 11 | |
| 11 | Nitrate/ammonium ratio | NO3:NH4 | 0.13 (0.12) | 0.22 (0.15) | 0.49 (0.64) | 14.04 (9.01) | Pass | 23.66 (<0.001) |
| 12 | Total inorganic nitrogen | NO3+NH4 | 17.01 (3.59) | 14.59 (4.41) | 11.61 (2.65) | 4.35 (1.58) | 11 | |
| 13 | Total phosphorus (mg/L) | TP | 2.77 (0.88) | 2 (0.64) | 2.21 (0.59) | 1.68 (0.44) | Pass | 9.56 (0.023) |
| 14 | Chemical oxygen demand | COD | 183.34 (90.58) | 83.01 (34.48) | 59.28 (40.53) | 65.27 (38.09) | Pass | 16.18 (0.001) |
| 15 | Chloride (mg/L) | Cl | 91.25 (16.84) | 79.75 (12.27) | 79.13 (14.14) | 70.75 (16.43) | 5 | |
| 16 | Mesophiles (UFC/mL) | Meso | 170717.11 (155026.68) | 56042.89 (46443.08) | 7953.78 (6567.78) | 7005.56 (13064.8) | Pass | 17.99 (<0.001) |
| 17 | Total coliforms (colif/100mL) | Tcol | 7055.56 (9616.02) | 1892.22 (785.84) | 1370.22 (1046.19) | 1086.33 (863.33) | 18 | |
| 18 | E. coli (E. coli/100mL) | Ecol | 6766.67 (9788.9) | 2032.67 (3496.66) | 584.33 (816.47) | 596.11 (810.33) | Pass | 10.86 (0.009) |
| WQI Berón | WQI Ber | 1.49 (0.58) | 2.78 (0.44) | 2.94 (0.28) | 5.22 (0.58) | - | ||
| WQI Basílico et al. | WQI Bas | 1.22 (1.02) | 3.71 (0.74) | 4.03 (0.53) | 5.43 (0.93) | - | ||
| WQI Moscuzza et al. | WQI Mos | 36.27 (7.59) | 58.5 (6) | 64.58 (5.84) | 68.04 (5.04) | - | ||
| WQI Arocena et al. | WQI Aro | 5.8 (5.09) | 33.71 (14.75) | 41.98 (11.11) | 39.83 (8.17) | - | ||
| WQI Queralt | WQI Que | 24.94 (7.57) | 51.75 (7.21) | 59.22 (10.5) | 54.12 (9.5) | - | ||
| WQI Cude | WQI Cud | 11.65 (0.55) | 12.88 (0.8) | 13.22 (0.92) | 13.36 (0.87) | - | ||
| WQI Debels et al. | WQI Deb | 31.75 (8.35) | 52.66 (6.1) | 56.67 (5.03) | 56.56 (4.16) | - |
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