Table 1
The physical and chemical parameters of the water of the studied rivers (ranges) and the results of the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison post hoc tests (superscripts a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h above a whisker denote significant differences between the rivers). Abbreviations: a − the Bolina River, b − the Centuria River, c − the Mitręga River, d − the Mleczna River, e − the Dziechcinka River, f − the Vistula River, g − the Korzenica River, h − the Wiercica River.
| Parameter | Bolina | Centuria | Mitręga | Mleczna | Dziechcinka | Vistula | Korzenica | Wiercica | H-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flow velocity [ms‑1] | 0.06–0.51 | 0.07–0.79 | 0.01–0.29e | 0.10–0.38e | 0.23–0.83c,d | 0.23–0.86 | 0.06–0.71 | 0.12–0.38 | 24.22 | 0.001 |
| Temperature [°C] | 15.0–29.1b,e,f | 7.5–14.3a | 9.4–19.1 | 14.8–25.1 | 9.1–23.6a | 9.2–23.8a | 13.4–23.5 | 9.7–19.8 | 27.42 | <0.001 |
| pH | 7.5–7.9 | 7.2–7.9 | 7.0–8.1 | 6.8–8.0 | 6.5–8.3 | 6.5–8.4 | 6.2–7.7 | 7.4–8.2 | 9.09 | 0.247 |
| Salinity [PSU] | 6.57–33.55b,c,e,f,g,h | 0.19–0.28a,d,e,f | 0.28–0.35a,e,f | 0.45–5.16b,e,f,g,h | 0.04–0.05a,b,c,d,g,h | 0.02–0.07a,b,c,d,g,h | 0.17–0.26a,d,e,f | 0.22–0.25a,d,e,f | 56.71 | <0.001 |
| Conductivity [µS cm‑1] | 9130–46 600b,e,f,g,h | 250–360a | 360–460e,f | 620–7160e,f | 50–70a,c,d | 30–90a,c,d | 220–370a | 280–330a | 57.93 | <0.001 |
| Total dissolved solids [mg dm‑3] | 4570–23 300b,e,f,g,h | 110–180a | 170–220e,f | 300–3570e,f | 20–30a,c,d | 10–30a,c,d | 100–170a | 140–160a | 58.11 | <0.001 |
| Chlorides [mg dm‑3] | 2823–17 028b,e,f,h | 8–20a | 15–26f | 62–1970e,f,h | 4–9a,d,g | 5–9a,c,d,g | 18–25e,f | 4–17a,d | 56.71 | <0.001 |
| Dissolved oxygen [mg dm‑3] | 4.65–9.69 | 4.24–9.61 | 3.18–6.12 | 0.69–6.78 | 4.96–5.77 | 4.88–5.90 | 4.56–6.49 | 4.40–6.03 | 17.03 | 0.017 |
| Sulphates [mg dm‑3] | 320–770e,f,h | 35–44 | 22–66f | 11–20e,f,h | 11–20a,d | 11–20a,d | 12–56 | 10–16a,d | 57.55 | <0.001 |
| Iron [mg dm‑3] | 0.12–0.88 | 0.03–0.65g | 0.25–1.00e,f | 0.00–0.60e,f | 0.00–0.60c,d,g | 0.00–0.60c,d,g | 0.01–2.17b,e,f,h | 0.03–0.72g | 37.79 | <0.001 |
| Ammonium [mg dm‑3] | 0.62–12.12b,e,f,h | 0.00–0.29a | 0.26–1.42e | 0.23–1.21e,h | 0.13–0.29a,c,d | 0.15–0.45a | 0.21–0.63 | 0.00–0.24a,d | 46.24 | <0.001 |
| Nitrites [mg dm‑3] | 0.68–9.96 b,e,f,h | 0.00–0.15a | 0.03–0.31 | 0.20–0.93e,f | 0.00–0.00a,d | 0.00–0.01a,d | 0.00–0.59 | 0.00–0.38a | 48.92 | <0.001 |
| Nitrates [mg dm‑3] | 0.00–79.74 | 0.00–20.82 | 0.89–15.95 | 5.32–10.12 | 0.00–7.38 | 0.00–9.30 | 0.44–18.61 | 0.89–8.42 | 16.17 | 0.024 |
| Phosphates [mg dm‑3] | 0.02–0.14d | 0.00–0.11d | 0.08–0.39 | 0.16–19.20a,b,e,f | 0.00–1.52d | 0.00–0.34d | 0.09–0.87 | 0.00–0.66 | 28.03 | <0.001 |
| Total hardness [mg CaCO3 dm‑3] | 1072–4858e,f,g | 160–300f | 160–330e,f | 255–560e,f,g | 36–68a,c,d | 28–67a,b,c,d | 110–150a,d | 145–320 | 57.62 | <0.001 |
| Alkalinity [mg CaCO3 dm‑3] | 95.0–395.0b,e,f,g | 75.0–165.0a | 125.0–250.0e,f | 125.0–275.0e,f | 2.5–50.0a,c,d,h | 15.0–40.0a,c,d,h | 20.0–155.0a | 140.0–180.0e,f | 55.73 | <0.001 |
| Calcium [mg dm‑3] | 328–1310e,f,g | 55–76 | 64–94e,f | 40–158e,f | 14–21a,c,d | 10–18a,c,d,h | 24–50a | 58–82f | 56.17 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium [mg dm‑3] | 124.12–670.00e,f,g | 1.94–27.55 | 0.06–32.55 | 16.31–62.53e,f,g | 0.26–5.14a,d | 0.04–3.38a,d | 5.04–13.77 | 0.01–13.80a,d | 46.61 | <0.001 |
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