Plasticity in life history traits of the native Proterorhinus semilunaris suggests high adaptive capacity in its invasive range | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Table 4

PERMANOVA results for total length at age among the three studied lakes (Uluabat, Sapanca, İznik).

	df	MS	F ^#	t ^#	P ^#
Age	3	41.27	128.85		0.0001
Lake	2	9.11	28.45		0.0001
Uluabat vs. Sapanca				0.38	0.7044
Uluabat vs. İznik				5.91	0.0001
Sapanca vs. İznik				7.57	0.0001
Age × lake	6	0.93	2.90		0.0081
Age 1
Uluabat vs. Sapanca				1.44	0.1629
Uluabat vs. İznik				4.96	0.0001
Sapanca vs. İznik				5.01	0.0001
Age 2
Uluabat vs. Sapanca				1.90	0.0599
Uluabat vs. İznik				5.29	0.0001
Sapanca vs. İznik				7.29	0.0001
Age 3
Uluabat vs. Sapanca				3.26	0.0016
Uluabat vs. İznik				1.38	0.1842
Sapanca vs. İznik				3.93	0.0004
Age 4
Uluabat vs. Sapanca				0.72	0.4791
Uluabat vs. İznik				3.49	0.0080
Sapanca vs. İznik				2.60	0.0131

A posteriori pairwise comparisons are given for the statistically effect of interest (α = 0.05, in bold type). F ^# = permutational F value; t ^# = permutational t-test value; P ^# = permutational probability value; MS = mean square; PERMANOVA = permutational univariate analysis of variance.

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