Results of pCCA ordination (axes 1 and 2) of littoral invertebrate assemblages from 114 sampling sites and 32 lake-years. Next to the gradient explained fitted variation of axis is added. (a) Triplot of landscape characteristics, species and lake years. (b) Triplot of species, land use variables and lake years. (c) Triplot of species, lake-years and eutrophication variables. (d) Triplot of species, lake-years and fish stocking variables. (e) Triplot of species, sampling sites and hydromorphological variables. For abbreviations see Table 2 (● – sampling sites or lake-years; Δ – taxa).