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Table 6

Leaf litter breakdown rates (k, days-1) for submerged litter of Phragmites australis observed in the study pond (Isonzo River Mouth Natural Reserve) compared with those reported in other studies.

Ecosystem Length of the Mesh Period -k (days-1) Reference
experiment (days) size (mm)
Freshwater pond 45 5 Autumn 2009–2011 0.007–0.008 Present study
Spring 2011–2012 0.014–0.016
(North East Italy) Summer 2012 0.017

Transitional waters
(Mediterranean area)
30–40 5 Spring 2005 0.014–0.029 Sangiorgio et al. (2008a)

River basins subjected 90 5 Spring–Summer 1998 0.028 Pinna et al. (2004)
to summer drought Winter–Fall 1998-99 0.009
(Sardinia, Italy)

Freshwater lake 90 5 Autumn 1998 0.007 Sangiorgio et al. (2004)
Spring 1999 0.013
(Southern Italy) Summer 1999 0.011

Salt-marsh lake 90 5 Autumn 1998 0.006
Spring 1999 0.009
(Southern Italy) Summer 1999 0.010

River delta (Danube) 45 5 Autumn 2005 0.009–0.0024 Sangiorgio et al. (2008b)

Coastal lake (Egypt) 150 5 Apr–Sept 2003 0.0117 Eid et al. (2014)

Reedbed wetlands
(North East England)
599 5 Jan 1995–Aug 1997 0.004 Bedford (2005)

Natural fen
(Northern Germany)
248–257 0.3 Sept 2010–May 2011 0.003 Völlm and Tannenberger (2014)

Monomictic lake 38 5 Summer 1999 0.055 Van Dokkum et al. (2002)
(Netherlands) Winter 1999 0.012

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