Open Access

Table 1

Features of sampling sites in the headwater stream of the Qingjiang River.

Sites Land use type Distance from the fountainhead (km) Land used for urban, rural, industrial, mining, and residential purpose (km2) Description
1 Intact shrubs and forests 0.75 0.33 The most upstream site on the stream transect was located in a sparsely populated area.
2 Fields and village 18.25 1.0 Potentially contaminated with manure, farmland fertiliser, and other materials.
3 Fields, village, and town 66.65 4.64 Potentially contaminated with manure, farmland fertiliser, and other materials.
4 Urban fringe 77.55 12.16 Wastewater treatment plant located approximately 0.3 km upstream of the sampling site. Tailwater flowed into the stream.

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