Open Access
Table 1
Physical and chemical parameters, velocity, morphometric features (minimum, median, maximum) of the Bolina River.
| Parameter | Upper course | Lower course | The Mann–Whitney U-test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Min | Max | Median | Min | Max | Median | U-value | p-value | ||
| Width of the river bed (m) | 6.99 | 7.46 | 7.29 | 4.10 | 4.53 | 4.45 | −2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Depth of the river bed (cm) | 25.17 | 29.67 | 26.90 | 20.20 | 25.90 | 22.69 | −1.5877 | 0.1143 | |
| Flow velocity (m s−1) | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.47 | 1.8764 | 0.0571 | |
| Temperature ( °C) | 9.10 | 28.60 | 21.35 | 10.50 | 29.10 | 20.80 | −0.1443 | 1.0000 | |
| pH | 6.80 | 7.80 | 7.55 | 6.50 | 7.90 | 7.75 | 0.5774 | 0.4857 | |
| Salinity (PSU) | 6.57 | 12.25 | 9.71 | 16.34 | 33.55 | 23.29 | 2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Conductivity (µS cm−1) | 9130 | 17 020 | 13 490 | 22 700 | 46 600 | 32 350 | 2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Total dissolved solids (mg dm−3) | 4570 | 8510 | 6745 | 11 360 | 23 300 | 16 170 | 2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Chlorides (mg Cl− dm−3) | 1930 | 5590 | 4013 | 4800 | 17 028 | 10 655 | 1.5877 | 0.1143 | |
| Dissolved oxygen (mg O2 dm−3) | 5.08 | 7.09 | 5.11 | 4.95 | 9.69 | 6.14 | 0.4330 | 0.6857 | |
| Sulphates (mg SO4 2− dm−3) | 352 | 560 | 430 | 320 | 524 | 386 | −0.1443 | 0.8857 | |
| Iron (mg Fe dm−3) | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.4330 | 0.6857 | |
| Ammonium (mg NH4 + dm−3) | 0.62 | 2.62 | 0.84 | 1.25 | 12.12 | 4.53 | 1.5877 | 0.1143 | |
| Nitrites (mg NO2 − dm−3) | 0.66 | 1.44 | 0.97 | 2.30 | 9.96 | 3.64 | 2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Nitrates (mg NO3 − dm−3) | 0.00 | 7.09 | 0.22 | 4.43 | 31.01 | 7.53 | 1.5877 | 0.1143 | |
| Phosphates (mg PO4 3− dm−3) | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.1143 | 0.6857 | |
| Total hardness (mg CaCO3 dm−3) | 1071.60 | 1920.00 | 1372.40 | 2268.20 | 4857.92 | 2862.98 | 2.1651 | 0.0286 | |
| Alkalinity (mg CaCO3 dm−3) | 300 | 380 | 345 | 230 | 320 | 295 | −1.5877 | 0.1143 | |
| Calcium (mg Ca2+ dm−3) | 328 | 687 | 406 | 416 | 1310 | 602 | 1.2990 | 0.2000 | |
| Magnesium (mg Mg2+ dm−3) | 124 | 270 | 177 | 225 | 670 | 383 | 1.2990 | 0.5933 | |
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