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Table 1

Water physicochemical parameters measured during long-term monitoring on the Rhine River. Bold values are means of water samplings performed at both upstream and downstream sites (n = 41) from March 2011 to July 2013. Minimal and maximal values are in italics. RSD is relative standard deviation, TSS is total suspended matter and DOC is dissolved organic carbon.

  Mean min─max RSD (%)
Temperature (°C) 12.7 1.5─24.8 48.7
Discharge (m3 s−1) 988.3 563─1652 29.9
pH 7.9 6.6─10.9 13.3
TSS (mg L−1) 9.9 2.2─37.2 77.4
DOC 2.0 1.3─3.2 18.5
Na+ 12.5 7.9─18.7 24.5
K+ 1.8 1.2─2.5 23.3
Mg2+ 8.4 5.1─10.7 17.5
Ca2+ 64.6 45.2─79.6 11.9
Cl 13.9 8.6─20.2 28.3
NO32− 6.8 4.5─9.2 23.6
SO42− 24.7 21.7─26.3 5.8
HCO3 167.6 154.7─205.3 12.4

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