Aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) in springs of a small lowland river: habitat factors vs. landscape factors | Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Table 1

Characteristics of studied springs.

Site	Type	Depth [m]	Distance [m]	Surroundings	Permanence	Bottom	Vegetation
Z1/1	limnocrene	0.5	10	alder carr	permanent	silt, leaves
Z1/2	limnocrene	0.4			permanent	silt	Carex acutiformis
Z1/3	helocrene	0.1			permanent	silt, leaves
Z1/4	helorheocrene	0.05			temporary	leaves	Cardamine amara

Z2/1	rheocrene	0.1	20	alder carr, willow thickets	permanent	sand, silt, leaves
Z2/2	helocrene	0.01–0.02				silt, leaves	sedges, mosses
Z2/3	helolimnocrene	0.01–0.02				silt, leaves	sedges, Cardamine amara
Z2/4	helolimnocrene	0.01–0.02				leaves	sedges, Cardamine amara

Z3/1	rheocrene	0.02	50	arable field, oak-hornbeam stands	permanent	sand, gravel, leaves, twigs
Z3/2	helocrene	0.02	50			silt, leaves
Z3/3	hypocrene	0.02	50			sandy-silty
Z3/4	helolimnocrene	0.02	3			silt, leaves	Cardamine amara
Z3/5	helocrene	0.01	50			silt, leaves
Z3/6	helocrene	0.01	3			sand, silt

Z4/1	helocrene	0.01–0.02	70	alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa	permanent	silt, leaves	sedges
				and Fraxinus excelsior
Z4/2	helolimnocrene	0.02	3				Typha latifolia, Carex acutiformis

Z5/1	helorheocrene	0.05	15	oak-hornbeam stands	permanent	gravelly-silty
Z5/2	hypocrene	0.01	10		permanent	stones
Z5/3	helocrene	0.03	20		permanent	gravelly-silty
Z5/4	rheocrene	0.02	10		permanent	sandy-silty, leaves
Z5/5	limnohelocrene	0.05	3		temporary	silt, leaves	grasses

Z6/1	helocrene	0.01	3	alder carr	permanent	silt, leaves	sedges, Cardamine amara
Z6/2	helolimnocrene	0.05	10			silt, leaves	sedges
Z6/3	limnocrene	0.1	2			silt, leaves	sedges
Z6/4	limnocrene	0.2	3			leaves	Carex acutiformis, Petasites sp.

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